Food Allergies Factsheet (for Schools)
Medically reviewed by: Mary L. Gavin, MD
What Teachers Should Know
A food allergy happens when the body's immune system, which normally fights infections, reacts to a food as an invader. The immune system responds by releasing chemicals such as histamine into the body, triggering an allergic reaction.
Lots of kids have food allergies. The most common food allergies are to:
- peanuts and other nuts
- seafood (fish and/or shellfish)
- milk products
- eggs
- soy
- wheat
Allergic reactions can cause:
- itchiness, rash, or hives
- runny or stuffy nose, sneezing
- itchy, watery eyes
- coughing, wheezing, difficulty breathing
- abdominal pain, nausea, vomiting, or diarrhea
- swelling
- throat tightness and hoarseness
- lightheadedness, dizziness, fainting
Even if previous reactions have been mild, someone with a food allergy is always at risk of a serious reaction called anaphylaxis. This can be life-threatening and needs immediate medical care. In some children, even touching or inhaling a food they are allergic to can cause anaphylaxis.
Students who have food allergies may need to:
- carry an epinephrine auto-injector for emergencies
- wear a medical alert bracelet
- go to the school nurse to take medicine or assess reactions
- have special seating accommodations during lunch to avoid exposure to allergens like peanuts