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Using Insect Repellents Safely

Medically reviewed by: Amy W. Anzilotti, MD

Most bug bites are harmless, but some can cause illness. Insect repellents put on clothing or skin can prevent bites from mosquitoes, ticks, fleas, biting flies, and chiggers. Here’s what to know about repellents.

What Are the Different Kinds of Insect Repellents?

Different repellents include:

  • DEET prevents bites from mosquitoes, ticks, biting flies, chiggers, and fleas. In concentrations of 10%–30%, it is safe to use on children over 2 months old. The higher the concentration, the longer it lasts. Do not apply it more than once a day.
  • Picaridin prevents bites from mosquitoes, ticks, and sand flies. It's available in concentrations of 5%–10% and is safe to use on children over 2 months old.
  • Oil of lemon eucalyptus (made from the leaves of the lemon eucalyptus tree) prevents bites from mosquitoes, biting flies, and gnats. It can be used on kids over 3 years old and lasts up to 2 hours.
  • Permethrin prevents bites from mosquitoes, flies, ticks, and chiggers. It can be sprayed on clothing and gear (such as sleeping bags) used by kids but should NOT be sprayed directly onto skin. The protection can last about a week, even if clothing is washed a few times. Don't use permethrin clothes or gear for young kids because they may suck or chew on the material.

Other products such as citronella, botanical oils, and repellent bracelets offer little to no protection from bug bites.

How Do I Use Insect Repellent Safely?

To use repellents safely: